According to the proclamation No. 1263/2021 issued to determine the powers and functions of the executive bodies of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, the Ministry of Education will have the following powers and functions.

• Initiate policies, strategies, laws and programs with respect to general and higher education; prepare detail program compatible with the country’s overall development plan; implement the same upon approval;
• Formulate a general framework of education curricula of general and higher education; set education and educational institution standards; national qualification framework and ensure implementation of the same;
• Oversee and coordinate the process of preparation of national examinations based on the country’s general and higher education policy and curricula, maintain of records and issuance of certificates;
• Devise, in collaboration with concerned organs, strategies that enhance higher education institutions capacity in study and research; implement the same; facilitate mechanism for implementation of study and research findings;
•  Create, in collaboration with ministry of innovation and technology, conducive condition for facilitating linkages between research institute of higher education and the industry sector to assist research and technology development activities;
• Follow up the performance of public higher education institutions;
• Ensure that the implementation of student admissions and placements in higher education institutions are equitable;
• Ensure standards required of general and higher education are set; and quality and relevant education are delivered;
• Cause the expansion of quality standard higher education; oversee same;
• Publicize national performance in education;
• Implement the powers and duties entrusted to the Higher Education Strategic Center under Higher Education Proclamation No. 1152/2019